Ethiopia – Amhara

Current Status

According to Reuters and AFP reports, armed conflict continues in Ethiopia's Amhara region between federal forces (ENDF) and Fano militias, with sporadic fighting reported through 2024.

Situation 2026

• Reuters reports that active fighting has resulted in significant civilian displacement, with estimates exceeding 1 million internally displaced persons in Amhara as of late 2023 • According to AFP and DW, both ENDF and Fano militias have been accused of attacking civilian settlements, though verified casualty figures remain contested between sources • Al Jazeera reports that humanitarian access to affected areas remains severely restricted, limiting independent verification of ground conditions • BBC reports that ceasefire attempts have repeatedly failed, with negotiations stalled over preconditions for disarmament • Associated Press indicates that Fano has expanded operational control in parts of North Wollo and South Wollo zones

Background

The conflict erupted in 2023 after the federal government attempted to integrate regional militias into the national army, which Fano groups resisted. According to BBC reporting, Fano—loose networks of armed groups—view the integration as a threat to regional autonomy. AP reports the tensions are rooted in broader political disputes between the federal government and regional authorities following the 2022 ceasefire that ended the Tigray war.

Humanitarian Impact

• ICRC reports severe shortages of medical supplies and healthcare access in conflict-affected zones, with health facilities damaged or non-functional • UN OCHA reports food insecurity affecting millions across Amhara, with Al Jazeera noting that both active fighting and restrictions on aid movement have exacerbated hunger conditions • AFP reports thousands of children face malnutrition and disease in displacement camps lacking adequate sanitation and water

Outlook

Sources indicate the conflict trajectory remains unpredictable given repeated ceasefire failures and unclear political resolution mechanisms. Reuters analysis suggests protracted instability is likely absent significant federal-regional political accommodation on Fano integration demands.

Key Actors